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THE DILEMMAS OF THE CONTEMPORARY MAN SITUATED AT THE CROSSROADS BETWEEN POLITICAL LIBERALISM, DEMOCRACY AND THE EXPRESSION OF HIS RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS
Abstract
Democracy and the religious manifestations should not be opposite or divergent; on the contrary, they are complementary, if man's freedom is respected and correlated, however, to the perennial values of mankind and not to the various ways of falling from these values. Sociologists, philosophers, theologians (generically speaking), politologists and historians along with many other people with cultural and scientific concerns are looking for a new vision on the relation between democracy and religion, and on the role of religion in the public area. This quest is due to the challenge triggered by the dilemma concerning the existence of a just and stable democratic society, in which the citizens, free and equal, adhere to a liberal conception on politics, yet remaining, at the same time, divided from the perspective of their philosophical, religious and moral beliefs about truth, good, person and God. Making use of the analytical and comparative method, in this study we have presented opinions and theories of some of the most influent philosophers and political analysts (John Rawls, Jurgen Habermas, Charles Margrave Taylor, Mikhail Epstein, Radu Preda) from different socio-economic and political realities (USA, EU, Russia, ex-communist countries), highlighting the complexity of the aspects concerning the relation between State and Church.
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