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LEGITIMACY INSTRUMENTS OF POLITICAL POWERS IN SUBSTANTIAL SPACES: ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
Abstract
This study aims to make a research on how political power and ideology terms got involved in architecture field. In the study, the issue “how the government and ideology terms come together” will be discussed on the basis of various literature definitions of ideology term. What kind of symbol can a government be with the changing architectural understanding over changing frame of mind will be narrated, and examples from historical process will be given. Determinations will be made in respect of to what extent the architecture is discussed by making reference to Stalin's Russia, Mussolini's Italy, Hitler's Germany, late period of Ottoman Empire, early republican period. Each political event needs a time and space, subjects and objects. This definition will be expanded as ideas that are useful for legitimization of government in power by thinking that architecture generally performs service in line with the dominant classes' power. Ideology in power, which uses the architecture as an instrument, of course wants to show itself and its period as meaningful to its individuals. In this regard, ideology will have a meaning as, period in which communal living is being transformed into natural reality. How changing political powers see the architecture from past to present? How they approached to the effects of architectural works on society? Did they want to transform the architectural products to the engineering wonders as a symbol of sovereignty? At this point the question is, does the political power want to show itself with architecture knowledge or with engineering field? Are physical sizes of the structure one of the instruments that legitimize the power of the government rather than stylistic effect of it? The aim of the study is to see effects of the political power on architecture and engineering products and to reach evaluations by answering these questions.
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