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DEVELOPMENT OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE EASTERN BORDER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Abstract
A lot of countries have implemented e-government initiatives to further enhance public sector efficiencies and streamline governance systems to support sustainable development. Though there are enough studies in the area of e-government, development of e-government in the countries of the Eastern Border of the European Union (EU) has not been investigated yet. E-government level and tendencies of its development in the Eastern Border of the European Union during the period of 2003–2012 are analysed in this article. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria are ascribable to the Eastern Border of the EU (EU-8). These countries have border with Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. The aim of this article is to describe the differences of e-government development between: a) member states of the Eastern Border of the EU (EU-8) and member states of the old EU (EU-15); b) member states of the Eastern Border of the EU (EU-8) and member states of others EU (EU-20). Comparative analysis was used to determine and evaluate the main changes in development of e-government in the countries of the Eastern Border of the EU. Indexes of United Nations E-Government survey of 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2012 were used for analysis of e-government development in the EU member states. In order to find and evaluate level, differences and tendency of e-government development, Mann-Whitney U test was carried out and mean and standard deviation were figured for EU-8, EU-15 and EU-20 countries. Coefficient of variation was carried out for comparison of dispersion in the countries of the EU-8, EU-15 and EU-20. Results of the study show that all member states of the Eastern Border of the EU made significant progress in the area of e-government development. The highest progress was observed in Lithuania whereas the lowest progress was noticed in Poland. Though, only Estonia exceeded mean of e-government indexes of EU-28 countries. Tendency that mean of e-government indexes grow in EU-8, EU-15, EU-20 and EU-28 countries was noticed. Differences of e-government indexes between EU-8 and EU-28 decreased slowly. On the contrary, difference of mean of e-government indexes increased between EU-8 and EU-15 and between EU-8 and EU-20 in 2012. Empiric researches show that EU-15, EU-20 and EU-28 countries are homogeneous according to e-government index, because coefficient of variation varies from 0.7 to 0.17. Variation of e-government indexes in the EU-8 countries was low in regard to mean of indexes. Higher variation was noticed in the EU-15 countries. The highest variation was observed in the EU-20 countries. Tendency that dispersion of e-government indexes decreases in the EU-15 and EU-20 countries in regard to mean of indexes was noticed.
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