Scholarly record
THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATION OF THE TATAR ENLIGHTENING LITERATURE INTO THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Abstract
Contrastive-comparative studying of languages and literatures serves the spirit of modern integration processes in the world, especially in the sphere of science and culture. At the present stage, marked by multilingualism, and intensity of cross-cultural and cross-ethnic contacts, it is necessary to develop a number of key questions of cross-cultural communication. The study of its various sides is important for formation of the tolerant language personality knowing several languages and living in different cultures. The object of our research is the creative heritage of Qayum Nasiri and Shihabetdin Marjani, the Tatar enlighteners of the XIX century. The subject is represented by the linguistic features of “Terbiye kitabi” (“The book of upbringing”) and a fragment from “Mustafad al-akhbar fi akhvali Kazan va Bulgar” (“The depository of data on affairs of Kazan and Bulgar”) and their translations into Russian. The analysis of the translations of the philosophical, ethic and didactic texts of the Tatar enlighteners into Russian showed that the source texts are extremely various in genres, styles and functions. Therefore, for their adequate translation we need to develop a full typology of texts which answers the purposes of the translation process and can be applied to all kinds of texts. The genre originality of Q. Nasiri's and Sh. Marjani's works is caused by their world outlook, the interaction between various stylistic traditions, and extra-linguistic reasons. In “The book of upbringing” by Q. Nasiri we can observe a mixture of colloquial elements with bookish and elevated lexicon, that is determined by the traditions of adab genre. In Sh. Marjani's work, the names of facts, relevant information, the encyclopedic presentation of material, the Arabic-Persian lexicon, religious and philosophical terms prevail. The analysis of the language format of Sh. Marjani's work translation enabled us to state that the translated text is primarily oriented on the target language (on the Russian reader), while the translation of Q. Nasiri's work is determined by the source (Tatar) language. The semantic and stylistic continuum of the original text and the translated version determines the comprehensive approach to the phenomenon under study and ensures adequate translation.
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