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HUMAN INBETWEEN LONELINESS AND SOCIALITY (BOTHSIDE LIMITS)
Abstract
Each of issues of loneliness and sociality is widely analyzed nowadays. The aim of the paper is to analise them as antithetical or mutually influenced and overlapping poles of human being and existence, i.e. as phenomena of philosophical anthropology. Seeking answers on atributive character (or denying it) of sociality and loneliness is alaborated within essentialist and existentialist methodological approaches. Despite of the mostly accepted viewpoit on definiton of man as social being within essentialist approach, the atributive level of loneliness is often contested. The possible reason is its unclear content used by different authors. The paper deals with the analysis of notion in the history of philosophy, which results in the shaping of different modes of loneliness (derived from Plato's understanding of man as “isolated atom” whose essence is defined by the measure of insight he can acquire or from Aristotle's understanding of man as zoon politikon). In the text the loneliness is understood as (1) a state of a mind and (2) a social problem caused by the (voluntary or forced) lack of communication and contacts with other(s). Loneliness is ontologically inevitable mode of existence and an essential precondition of human individuality and personality. Being a prerequisite of becoming individuality and personality the phenomenon of self-awareness enabled man to have inner dialogue, but on the other hand it revealed the paradox of the human life situation - man is within the world and at the same time stands against the world, is in himself and at the same time is against himself. Loneliness as immanent phenomenon of every human existence is not absolute existential. It exists in mutual interdependence with the same ontologically important existential, which is sociality. The challenge is to balance them taking into consideration that the dichotomy loneliness-sociality is asymmetrical: unlike loneliness, which is the objective and the initial ground of being individual and unique, the proper sociality assuming com-penetration of subjectivities has yet to be created.
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