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PARK AS A WILDLIFE REFUGE. IDEA OF THE CIVIC LABORATORY OF ECOLOGY
Abstract
The evolution of urban parks relates both to the evolution of a city itself and to the changing needs of its residents. The process dates back to the late eighteenth century, when private parks and hunting grounds came to be used for public purposes. Initially they served mainly as sites for walks and leisure but new functions have gained in importance as time went by. They inspired development of city's new green spaces, such as folk parks and less common forest parks. Currently, the turn towards landscape ecology and low maintenance greenery seems to be one of the signs of the time, considering how many social movements arise in response to the need for urban wildlife rescue. The article presents two “nature parks” from the city of Wroclaw. The name of the first one, Millennium Park, refers to the 1000th anniversary of the city's founding. Therefore, the way of shaping the space has been guided by a specific symbolic concept. 10 quasi-natural forest habitats are being created here, as well as 10 waterside margins, stretched along a meandering old river bed. The second park, located on the same river bank, was approved for implementation and received funding from the Wroclaw Civic Budget. The initiative was chosen by the public vote from among investment projects submitted by citizens in 2014, and it is still supervised by them. In this approach, transformation of wasteland into green public space, composed of a forest, a meadow and a traditional orchard with native varieties of fruit trees, may prove that residents of the city feel the growing need to be closer to nature and rural landscape. It found expression in the concept of a nature park which is to be maintained as a kind of civic laboratory of ecology.
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