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PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION TO COMPASS LABOUR MARKET FLEXICURITY
Abstract
The flexicurity concept is developed to find possible solutions for dilemma how to simultaneously increase both the labour market elasticity and the social security. In order to increase the flexicurity level in a particular country, the flexible working arrangements must be supported. One of them is the part-time employment, which is in nowadays especially appreciated solution for work-life balancing. The part-time employment increased in the Europe, especially during the economic crisis in 2008 – 2010. However, in some countries it was because of increase in involuntary part-time employment. In the study following hypothesis is tested - flexicurity can be promoted only by voluntary part-time employment increase when appropriate legislation is in force. In the Netherlands, which is taken as flexicurity benchmark country in many studies, at the last quarter of 2014 approximately the half of employment was part-time (50,1\%), and most of part-time employees were women, the involuntary part-time employment in 2013 was very low, less than 10\% of those employed on part-time basis. In contrary, the average level of part-time employment in other EU countries was lower (below 20\%) and involuntary part-time employment was higher (approximately 30\%). In Latvia the part-time employment at the last quarter of 2014 was only 6,8\% and involuntary part-time employment share was close to 40\%. Introducing flexible working hours has been beneficiary also for employers – that helps to meet extra demand of labour, matches flexible working hours with longer business hours, limits costs related to overtime, and others. The research investigates the similarities and differences in the labour legislation and employment statistics in Latvia, the Netherlands and other EU countries to give proposals for better flexicurity implementation through part-time employment promotion. The main finding is that cultural differences play important role and even with supportive legislation, flexicurity can encounter with limitations in flexible working arrangements.
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