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South Yenisei during Russian exploration of Siberia at the beginning of the 17th century was part of the North-Mongolian state ruled by Altyn-khans. However, until recently the name of these rulers was known only in connection with one archaeological site in the area. It was a large fortification surrounded by a stone and earth wall on the right bank of the Yenisei River near the estuary of the Sizaya River. Currently, though, it stands to reason that there is the second object of a similar kind detected, a fortif...

Khakass-Minusinsk Basin is known due to a large number of archaeological objects of different types and ages. Among them there are mountain fortresses which were called В«sveВ» by indigenous people. The fortresses were used in the Middle Ages and the early Modern period. Quite a number of fortresses were built at the confluence of the Belyi and Chernyi Yus Rivers in the north of Khakassia. They could have protected a very important object presumably located in the square made by the valley called Albany on the rig...