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The aim of this article is to present descriptive geometry, which quickly reached the Polish lands. First lecture was held at the Warsaw School of Artillery and Engineering in 1809-1812, by a French teacher Jan Joachim Livet (1809-12). The new discipline was quickly adopted in all major centers of Polish science at that time, which include university cities - Warsaw, Krakow, Vilnius and the Krzemieniec Lyceum, which represent high level of teaching. In each of the existing universities, efforts were made to create...

The turn of the 21th century has presented a new, significant phase in the functioning of the villas built in the suburban districts of Gda?sk around 100 years ago. Current favorable economic and political circumstances have contributed to an intensification of building investments, including conservation work on historical buildings. Establishing a general conservational concept for the historical villas requires an in-depth analysis of the historical sources and architectural research due to the frequent and sig...

One of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their users. These buildings indicate the development of the skills of using wood as the basi...