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The present study considers the interrelations between the personality of a socially and politically active writer and literary and cultural processes in the country. To analyse literary processes in a wider historical and cultural context the cultural-historical view on literature was applied; in its turn, to examine the writerВ’s place within the overall cultural milieu and to determine the interaction of the authorВ’s writings and his era the elements of the biographical method were used. In Latvia, the Russian...

Cultural trauma appears when a group of people feels they were made some horrible event experience leading to indelible traces in their collective consciousness, leaving an imprint in their memories forever and changing their identity irreversibly. During the 20th century, first in the Western societies but soon also worldwide, people constantly were stating that they had been traumatized by some experience, event, act of violence or frightening, or just by sharp and sudden and sometimes even not very hostile expe...

The Revolution of 1905 and its successive events had an essential impact on the development of literature – both themes and form. In Latvia, the Revolution started with demonstration on 13 January 1905 protesting against „Bloody Sunday” in Saint Petersburg (January 9, 1905). In both events a significant role was played by intellectuals. In Russia, the attitude of intellectuals towards the events of 1905 mostly caused the dissidence that would lead to the tragic events of the October 1917 and the Civil War. Th...