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I would like to present some ideas regarding historical process: its nature and principles. I will start with the idea of eternal return of Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) and his „Ever-newer waters flow on those who step into the same rivers” thought. From his conception of cyclical historical process drew Oswald Spengler (1880-1936), who devoted his doctoral dissertation to philosophy of this Ionian thinker. I will discuss extensively Spengler conviction about the collapse of Western civilization which wa...