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The aim of this paper is to explore the theoretical foundations of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), as a digital variant of traditional existing money. We present the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of Central Bank Digital Currencies in the current context of financial digitalization. We also distinguish them from cryptocurrencies, which are virtual currencies issued in a decentralized manner by private entities. In addition, we examine how different countries are approaching CBDC implementat...

In this paper, we present a comparative review of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods used in the selection of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. ERP selection is inherently complex and involves multiple organizational and technical factors that must be evaluated simultaneously. MCDA methods provide a structured framework to support such decisions by handling diverse and sometimes conflicting evaluation criteria. Our study focuses on four widely recognized MCDA methods (AHP, ANP, TOPSIS, ELECT...

Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by several macro-level determinants. In this article we aim to analyze the key factors driving migration, and focus on violence and conflict, human rights, institutional quality, economic opportunities, governance, political factors, climate change, environmental threats. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, we synthesize the existing research and data to provide a comprehensive overview of these drivers. In order to understand the interaction between structural...

In this paper we aim to present the theoretical foundations of virtual currencies, distinguishing them from legal tender, and to explore the blockchain technology that underpins their creation. We classify the existing virtual currencies into three categories (cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and Central Bank Digital Currency), and analyze their characteristics and market evolution. We also present the evolution of popular cryptocurrencies, bitcoin and Ethereum, underline their market dynamics, historical price tren...

The relationship between energy commodities and poverty can be studied from different perspectives, representing a multifaceted issue. In our present paper, we review the literature and explore the influence of different energy commodities such as electricity, natural gas, coal, and oil on income, health, education, environment, as parts of the poverty dimension. We underline the complex factors influencing how energy commodities and poverty interact. Access to electricity improves several aspects of our lives, su...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the liberalization process of the Romanian Gas Market, both on retail and wholesale. Based on the available information, we are studying both production and supply markets of natural gas. The Natural Gas Sector has been analysed in terms of market liberalization and the data was collected from the annual reports of the Romanian Energy Regulatory Agency (ANRE) and National Institute of Statistics (INS)

The purpose of this work is to study the economic phenomenon "city - entrepreneur" and to justify the parameters of its identification in relation to the realities of the modern Russian economy. The main method of research is the analysis of statistical indicators. The authors propose quantitative parameters that allow identifying the city-entrepreneurs in the Russian economic space: the level of economic diversity and services; the availability of human capital: the level of urban environment and living condition...

The article analyzes current social & cultural situation in Russia, which is created under the influence of changes in demographic structure of population, as well as describes trends with new approaches and principles, which currently are being developed to ensure an improvement in the life quality of elderly people. The authors state that elderly people in modern Russia belong to the least protected population segment. The article highlights one specific problem: it is difficult for elderly people to travel, res...

The article substantiates the topicality of developing the theoretical and methodological bases for threat monitoring in the regional alcoholic beverages market. The need to modernize the regional policy of state regulation of alcohol production in the subjects of the Russian Federation under growing external and internal economic threats has been identified. The assessment of threats to the development of the region as a result of a reduction in the turnover of alcoholic products was conducted using a situational...