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Recent decades have witnessed extraordinary scientific and technological advances which have profoundly impacted society in multiple dimensions, such as healthcare, agriculture, energy, natural resources exploitation, environmental conservation, georisks management, and digital communication, promoting better living conditions for all. However, alongside the benefits, humanity also faces growing challenges and dilemmas concerning planetary sustainability and human rights. For this reason, the call for scientific a...

Field trips have long been heralded as an invaluable component of natural sciences education, offering direct engagement with the real world and fostering critical competencies such as environmental insight. However, traditional field trips often face significant barriers, including economic and logistical challenges and a general lack of familiarity among educators with these activities. Virtual field trips (VFTs) present a solution by mitigating these issues digitally. This work proposes a theoretical and practi...