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Introduction. Adolescents represent a key target population for primary prevention of tobacco. School-based intervention included into curricula play an important role in prevention. The article evaluates basic indicators of tobacco use in teachers and school-based interventions. Changes between 2003 and 2013 are analyzed. Material and methods. The Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) is a school-based questionnaire survey producing a national representative sample of teachers teaching students in grades associat...

This paper exposes the current statistics on indicators of demographic analysis on the subject, both worldwide and in Romania until 2013 and conducted research in Arad, on the prevention of abortion, unwanted pregnancy in crisis. Due to demographic trends of Arad County in recent years, in terms of birth rates and abortion, and the reasons for termination of pregnancy, was meant to provide this research with the aim of improving the demographic indicators in Arad. This research was conducted in the city of Arad, w...

The article looks at the problem of overcoming the real condition of marginalized high-status posts of Russia within the context of global geopolitical system in respect of the aspect of its intelligent innovative content. This article supports the conceptualization necessity of intelligent and workforce capacity implementation of Russian society as a key factor of negative trend overcoming in Russian civilizational development, framework of new society type, based on technological and social cultural groundwork o...

Man is a communicative being that needs to exchange information in order to survive. We have to rely upon mutual communication and we just cannot exist without it. Everything we do, anything we look at, the ways we move – all these things are related to communication. Ludwig Wittgenstein subsequently explains these means of communication through terms. However, he actually speaks about the things that are not expressed by them. Robert Cialdini defines these processes by so called “switches”. Sometimes one word is ...

In current ageing society with low fertility rates the population moves to the cities and large urban areas. According to WHO [1], it is expected that 70% of population in 2050 will be urban. The size of population in small towns and rural areas is shrinking and this trend is supposed to continue. Fall in population size brings along other consequences, such as downsize of business and social, health and other public services. All these processes may be particularly problematic for elderly people inhabiting lowly ...

Roma communities around Europe create estimated amount of 8 – 12 millions of Roma people living prevalently in Eastern and Central Europe. Identifying Roma as an ethnic group brings the problem due the national policy in former CEE countries where nationality is voluntary in the census and the person can conceive a nationality as a personal feeling. This topic brings the problem to Roma ethnicity assessment. Roma themselves do not like to be called Roma or Gypsies, most of identification is coming from external ob...

Nowadays there is a growing trend of aging population in the whole world, which occurs due to the reduction of fertility in developed countries and to increase life expectancy. By 2050 more than a quarter of the world population will be aging people. Therefore becomes relevant to examine the factors that provide life satisfaction and well-being of older people. These reasons have caused the proposal of the research – to identify the key factors that determine the emotional well-being of aging people. The methodolo...

Occupational health and safety (OHSAS) is very important issue in all industrial workplaces. In literature, there are many theoretical frameworks for studies of occupational health and safety management. In all enterprises, from small enterprises to the larger one, there are a number of definitions of management and safety management procedures. The most famous one is OHSAS 18000 which is an international occupational health and safety management system specification. A conceptual approach for OHSAS 18000 is propo...

Background Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as a significant pleural effusion (usually greater than 500 ml) in a cirrhotic patient, without an underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease. The incidence of hepatic hydrothorax varies from 0.4% to 10% according to different reports, and it occurs much more often in the right thorax than in the left. Several observations indicate that the most likely cause of pleural effusions in patients with cirrhosis is the passage of a large amount of ascites from the peritoneal to the ...

Canada is a favorite destination, a target state for immigrants, adding around 200 000 people annually, including Romanian citizens. It was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism officially (1971), thus ensuring the preservation of identity, acceptance of diversity and emphasizing racial and ethnic harmony and cross-cultural communication. It has since promoted equality in front of the law and equal opportunities regardless of race, origin, culture, ethnicity, religion. Immigrants enjoy freedom o...

Age, obesity, sex and previous injuries are considered to be significant risk factors for osteoarthritis. Mud is a therapeutic agent used since ancient times to treat osteoarthritis. Although extensively used, the mechanisms by which balneal therapy acts are poorly studied, sometimes we can even say that they are "full of surprises". The complexity of its biochemical composition, the rich microbial flora, the inter-relationships between its components, slow down the detection of the physiological and therapeutic e...

Ethical and legal aspects of the enforcement of the basic principle of bioethics which is the principle of respect for individual autonomy in the Russian legislation and clinical practice are considered. The authors reveal the essence of the concept of ‘personal autonomy’, analyze Russian laws from the standpoint of congruence with bioethical and world legal standards, and present the results of their research.

Submitted scientific paper deals with the influence of selected factors on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and also with impact of anthropometric parameters on blood pressure. The aim of this work was to define the significant differences between boys and girls in health status parameters, to evaluate the impact of socio-economic, environmental and medical history factors on blood pressure. In the practical part is analyzed the sample group of school children from eastern Slovakia (770 children, 385 boys...

This article is devoted to the issue of self-safe behavior of Russians. The importance of research of ageing process of the nation and the right of citizens to a long and qualitative life expectancy are explained. The results of study of Russians’ attitudes towards the maintenance of their own health and prolongation of life are discussed. The research brings us to the conclusion that there is a national problem of declarativity of self-safe attitudes which are not proved by real activities. The combination of ext...

The study deals with the issue of creative economy and cultural industries in the context of media production and creation in conditions of contemporary society. In the paper the author critically evaluates new paradigm of creative economy and cultural industries, which according to her have become a part of concept of official cultural policy both of the European Union and its individual member states. She points out the paradoxicality of implementing this political concept into a specific field, which is media i...

According to a number of scholars, the rise of Twitter publishing had to lead a new level of informational openness in social networks and to increase of press freedom. At the same time, some recent studies have shown significant criticism towards political efficacy of Twitter [7]. We analyze Twitter as a part of the hybridized media system [6] suggesting after Adam and Pfetsch [1] that political dimension of hybridization and spill-over effects between different media will be specific to the socio-political conte...

Creative economy encompasses various forms of creativity: beginning with the creations of highly-specialized professionals, though commercial activities leveraging selected features of art, to hobbies, interests and voluntary activities, The current recommendations of the European Commission emphasize that is necessary to methodically and specially utilize all the functions of culture in manner that is profitable foremost for the local community, and consequently for the whole society. An important catalyst in sma...

Freedom to provide cross border healthcare services has been regulated under Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and Council from 9 March 2011 (OJ L 88, 4.4.2011). It was implemented in the EU Member States by the end of 2013. Taking into account principles of universality, access to quality health care, justice and solidarity, cross border health care is provided in accordance with the rules of the Member State of treatment, standards on quality and safety as established by the Member States of treatm...

The issue about the development of civil society in Russia is open to discussion among Western and Russian scientists. The inconsistency of the Russian practice of civil society formation does not often fit itself within the framework of foreign socio- and political theories and is subjected to criticism. Meanwhile, this social institution is immanently appropriate to any society. In this regard it is more reasonable to speak about the features of social practices and conditions of the formation of civil society r...

The research corpus consists of newspapers that were in circulation in the first decade of democratic changes in the republic of Croatia, from 1990 to 2000. In this corpus I have included the newspapers defined as such by the current Media Act of the Republic of Croatia. By this criterion, the following newspapers were published in Zadar at the time: Narodni list (a weekly), Zadarski list (a weekly/daily), Zadarski tjednik (a weekly), Fokus (a monthly) and Zadarski Regional (a weekly). The research covered a total...

In the structure of the world's population in 2020 is expected to be significantly increase by the proportion of the elderly it will increase the workload on outpatient institutions. Arterial hypertension and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism have the greatest prevalence among ambulatory patients than 60 years of age. In these conditions there is a need to find more effective ways of rendering medical aid, which is especially important for disabled patients. The use of remote monitoring opens new possibilities ...

The article presents the manner in which people with disabilities of varying degree perceive the architectural barriers they encounter while using the services of the City Hall of Katowice. 23 variables connected with different types of architectural barriers were taken into account in the analysis; the perceived quality was graded on a 7-point scale. A further analysis was also carried out, exploring the relationship between the degree of a person’s disability and the perceived quality of the facility. Disabiliti...

Consumers' decisions to buy the goods depends on the consumer's perception of the individual factors and environmental factors in which one lives. [1] These factors can be classified also as media, which „... have an important role in shaping social consciousness.“ [2] Part of this conviction is also the fact that the media influence the behavior, attitudes and opinions of individuals. On the other hand, it may expand the horizons of knowledge, educate, and assist consumers in decision making or to influence the l...

The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate the new – alternative to the judicial – system of liability for medical which was introduced to the Polish legal system in 2011. It allows to obtain compensation or redress by taking extrajudicial action, under special conciliatory and mediatory procedure conducted before the provincial committees for the adjudication of medical events. Analogous systems of compensation of damage regardless of fault exist in many countries including New Zealand, France, Scandinavian...

In this article author investigates transformational changes in Russian society connected to the professional development of individuals and development of their professional careers. The author supposes that from 1990th to nova days in Russian society taking place a change of the professional career model. This process is in connection to the change of the social scheme of the professional career and professional identity correlation. As the most important element in such social scheme we highlight a development ...

The analysis of informal payments in Russian education and healthcare is presented in the article. Sociological debriefing was in Ekaterinburg (Russia). Its results show that there is a corruption in social sphere. Government proclaims free education and healthcare but, in practice, doctors and educators, patients and parents justify payments and use it in their life.

Aim: The present study assesses the percentages of cases with deep pockets attributable to cigarette smoking in an adult urban population from Constanta. Methods: A randomly-selected sample comprising 483 dentate individuals from 528 eligible individuals for the survey was chosen among patients addressing for dental treatment in Constanta Dental Faculty. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed and an interview using a structured written questionnaire was undertaken. A multivariate analysis for complex surv...

People develop and form their ways of thinking throughout all their lives. These processes are inevitably associated with certain pressures from society and our surroundings and we may either resist or give in to them. Thanks to the people around us and environment we live in, we are able to form particular views of the world; we can reappraise our sets of values and act in accordance with our conscience. Since men are social beings, one of our basic needs is to maintain relationships with other people. The proble...

The focus of this article is on adolescents’ internet usage. Researchers’ attention is usually attracted either by internet risks and harms to adolescents, or by the use of internet as a new education technology, or tool. At the same time methodology is deemed by the author as insufficient and the approaches to the internet – which should be viewed as an environmental equivalent – are inadequate. Self-adaptation of adolescents (10–11 years old) to internet usage is discussed. The author’s data (from a survey of 80...

Presented data indicate the prevalence of client violence against social workers in Slovakia. The issue of client violence in Slovakia and neighbouring countries is not adequately explored and its prevention is far from being solved. In this paper are presented preliminary results of the first survey of client aggression against social workers in Slovakia (first part of the national research – project VEGA no. 1/0332/12). Verified were the impact of selected factors and the incidence of client violence. Main forms...

Gender equality is an important issue, international consensus is to achieve gender justice and it is as well one of the Millennium Development Goals. Vietnam is known for its remarkable achievements in educational sphere during socialistic era, anyway also through socialist policies (implemented in the north in 1954 and in the south in 1975) it lead to narrowing the gender gap. Aim of the survey was to analyse gender issue on biogas plant owners and farmers in central Vietnam with focus on relations between educa...

This article is a part of a project reminding women philosophers in history of philosophy, their achievements and a story of women emancipaction in scientific world, esspecialy on the Polish lands, and later – in Poland. Presented text shows biography and thought of Zofia Daszynska-Golinska (1866-1934). In my presentation I would like to acquaint the audience with the biography and thought of Zofia Daszynska-Golinska (1860-1934), a philosopher, an economist, a feminist, a social activist and a stateswoman. In the ...

Digital game culture belongs to the most important phenomena of the last decades. Special attention has been aroused by Role-Playing-Games (RPGs). In the course of time there has been formed a rather extensive subculture under their influence. RPGs offer a unique experience of existence in a different reality – in the made-up virtual world, where a human gains a new identity, new possibilities to „live“. In the paper we deal with mapping and typology of characters in RPGs and their connection to archetype roles. C...

The article reveals the essence of the concept of "pedagogical facilitation", the technologies of facilitating implementation of the method in teaching. Pedagogical facilitation is defined as a form of creative self-reflection to the student's promise informative teacher. The modern world is characterized by a very rapid pace of change of information, so the teacher should focus their attention on creating an instrument of self-education system in the future. The teacher should try to convey their inner interest i...

Background: Knowing the real values of enamel mechanical properties, both at macro and microscopic scale, it is highly significant to select those compatible dental materials, in terms of behavior, as close as possible to the natural structures. The aim of the study was to assess human enamel microhardness both in normal enamel samples (control) and in demineralized enamel samples, using the Vickers microhardness test, and also to analyze the effect of indentation loads (100gf, 200gf, 300gf) applied for 10s on the...

The article substantiates the idea that urban communities, called avant-garde, produce special strategies, the core of which is the special attitude to the social time. Such strategies can be called temporal. They are the foundation of innovation, mobility and success of representatives of these social groups. Actuality of the study of the temporal behaviour strategies is determined by attention to such «leading» communities (and their separate strata), as students, volunteers, business community, freelancers. The...

With the paper we reflect the results of regular surveys executed by for instance POPAI, which show that the point of sale has been recently perceived as a fundamental communication channel, which needs to be taken into account sophistically as a full-fledged marketing tool. In the paper we look the answers to the questions like: What do we understand under point of sale and its aspects? What targets do the advertisers wish to achieve in the point of purchase and through which tools? Simultaneously, we interpret t...

Communication on the Internet has brought a great number of changes in perception, imagination, thinking and learning in man. These changes are still spreading in the culture and society. One of the most important ones is surely disintegration of the so-called “linear code”. By the term “linear code” we mean structure of thinking and learning that is driven by succession of signs in thinking, in both learning and understanding of time and space. This sort of thinking and learning was shaped in the epoch of phoneti...

Dental caries development is considered to involve a triad of indispensable factors: bacteria (dental plaque), carbohydrates (the diet), and susceptible teeth (the host) Since earlier studies the mutants streptococci are considered major etiologic agents in dental caries in humans. Strpetococcus mutants is a Gram- positive oral commensally species that is commonly recognized to be one of the primary organisms associated with the development of dental caries (cavities). In the study are included 240 children of pre...

During the last decade, it became apparent for Romanian organisations either for profit or nonprofit the potential represented by Internet, but the organisations‘ presence in the virtual world has to be done by following certain rules. The end-result being in attracting an ever increasing number of Internet surfers that are interested in the products and services promoted online. Lately, also representatives of Romanian nongovernmental organizations are becoming aware of the need to ensure their presence on the Ne...

The journey towards sustainability requires sustainable production and consumption and also requires social responsibility of organizations. Improvements of social performance of companies along with sustained economic profitability and environmental responsibility contribute notably to sustainable development. Company stakeholders – mostly consumers, local communities and society, but many others as well, are more and more asking themselves questions about social impacts of products and production processes. Unde...

Activities of each company are provided by its employees. Their work is significantly under the influence of not only their physical abilities but also their psychical stability. It is necessary to pay attention a lot to the social climate in the company for this stability to be secured. Social welfare of a company represents one of the basic conditions of its prosperity. During production strong attention is paid to the processes leading to a final product. However, evaluation of social aspects of these processes...

The human trafficking phenomenon affects a great number of children by turning them into merchandise. In their searc h for a better future, children can be tempted by traffickers, who make them false promises. The goal of the study is, aside from highlighting the socio socio-demographic characteristics of the minors’ victims of trafficking, to identify the factors that generat e certain forms of vulnerability for trafficked minors and the most efficient assistance and reinsertion methods as well as the most effect...

During the 5th century C.E., two important changes occurred in the Church of the Eastern Roman province of Scythia Minor (today’s Dobruja, in Romania and Bulgaria): on the one hand, the original soteriological thought of the local Church was replaced by Augustine of Hippo’s (d.430), on the other hand, Latin replaced Greek in theological education. The present investigation focuses on the context that allowed these important changes. For this task, there has especially been examined the historical information regar...

The demographic crisis in Russia actualizes the search of very different ways of escaping it. One of such way could become the growing focus of the education system to the demographic problems of the society. The acquisition of competencies in the demographic sphere is necessary by all different subjects at all levels - from fundamental to additional education. Notably the public servants who are professionally involved in the regulation of demographic processes at the municipal and regional levels should be educa...

Several attempts seeking to explore national stereotypes have been made in the field of scientific research. Many of them dedicate themselves to a question of their relevance –whether they are or are not true, or what is their truthfulness rate. National stereotypes are often perceived as simplified expression of existing ethnocentric and xenophobic prejudices; therefore they are being refused. Even though the national character stereotypes are somewhat distorted reality, a part of the true may be found in them. I...

Globalization as an inevitable and ever expanding phenomenon in society affects all its spheres. It is related to the struggle of strong economic entities in the world economy for dominance, to the conflict of cultures about the future nature of human society, finding the universal effectiveness and universal values and to the collapse of the bipolar world. In the context of the ongoing global changes, the issue of raised demands emerges in the context of an aging population. This text mentions generational clashe...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral health issues of children aged 6-12 living in the Danube Delta Romania, on their quality of life, as assessed by the children themselves as well as by their parents/guardians. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design and was conducted in all 595 school children aged 6-12 years old living in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, an isolated area of Romania. The research protocol received all the approvals on behalf of the ethical local a...

From a marketing perspective, the nowadays society can be characterized by at least three patterns. First, there is an inflation of advertising messages on the market. Second, the consumer has become more sophisticated and increasingly aware of the manipulative and persuasive role of marketing. Finally, the technological evolution directs a large number of individuals to use smart devices in everyday life within an interactive framework. Therefore, this paper aims to empirically investigate the role of intelligent...

Monitored incomes from the sale of advertising space in print media have continuously declined since 2009, and despite a slight increase in 2013, the volume of sold advertising in newspapers and magazines significantly lags behind the advertising in the electronic media, especially in television. And it is despite the fact that several studies conducted on the effectiveness and efficiency of the so-called print advertising confirm that advertising in newspapers and magazines positively influences buying behavior o...