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The aim of the paper is to describe and compare different approaches in lexical semantics and to find out which of them can be used to study semantic features that are necessary for a speaker and a listener while processing spoken word. We group the methods that can be used in semantic research according to three criteria:1) what aspects are in focus of a research: here we compare the studies of the relations between different concepts (such as a word association experiment) and the studies of the components of co...

In the paper, we provide the results of a corpus-based study aimed to formulate hypotheses on how a listener manages to restore essential grammatical information missing in a spoken signal due to the reduction of endings in Russian noun phrases. We checked whether there are any reduced elements in the endings of all noun phrases with adjectives, participles, possessive pronouns or ordinal numerals as dependent elements in the Corpus of Transcribed Russian Oral Texts (http://narusco.ru/search/trn-search.php; overal...