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The problem of ageing population is increasing. So, the governments in different countries are trying to find some solution of the deficit of the pension systems and so different types of reforms suggest itself. These reforms can be only parametric or can be also systematic. The parametric reform is represented mainly by the increase of the pension age and by the increase of the minimum insurance period. But it needn?t be satisfactory and for that reason a lot of governments in the middle and east Europa were tryi...

This article is about the problems of the development of the indebtedness of the firms in different branches in the USA and in the Europe. The analysis of this development is important besides other things for the purpose of the identification of the average indebtedness and so-called branch standards that can be used for the process of optimizing of the capital structure. That is the topic inviting for the large discussion and very large researches which plays an important role in the sphere of the financial mana...

This article is about the problem of financial structure of the firms and about their indebtedness. It is not easy to find some optimal indebtedness in the theory nor in practice. The aim of this article is to do the analysis of the indebtedness of firms in selected branches and to compare the development of this indebtedness within the period between 2010 - 2014 years among the Czech Republic, the Europe and the USA. It is necessary in every area to analyze the absolute indebtedness and its development, mainly de...