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According to literature data, there are many causes, motives and motivations for smoking. Connecting adolescent occasional smoking with sensory experience searching can be one of the most important risk factors. The less mature the personality is, the more exposure to the challenges. There is an important influence also for the socio-cultural environment in which the adolescent is socialized. Cigarette consumption might be considered as a lifestyle model. The formation of this lifestyle model in childhood and adol...

Lobbying is a common phenomenon in absolutely any legal and political system. The Soviet system was not an exception. Lobbying in the Soviet Union had its own specific traits associated with the peculiarities of the political system and, consequently, with the special aspects of the political decision-making process. Besides, lobbying was not legally established in the Soviet Union. The article is focused on lobbying role in the business/government interaction. The author analyzes the history of lobbying developme...

Development of the Northern and Arctic regions requires innovative approaches to support high quality of living in terms of business processes and everyday life. On the whole, these regions are most hard to support financially and require high costs. Standard of living is closely connected with regional infrastructure development, energy saving playing most import role. In Northern and Arctic regions energy saving has specifics compared to other RF regions as energy resources make up to 30% share of total costs, i...

Sustainable development of a modern city is an extremely urgent task that must be addressed by all city residents in order to ensure the high quality of the urban environment, the high quality of life, the balance of the city and the natural environment. Sustainable development of the city should ensure the creation of a beautiful, healthy, beloved city, ensuring full satisfaction of their needs. An environmentally friendly urban environment that satisfies biological needs has an extremely large impact on resident...

High-quality, full-featured urban public spaces are characterized by wide complex of attributes. Places for fun and relax, offering emotions of joy, happiness and a good time for inhabitants and visitors, can raise the quality of urban environment. With their functional and emotional potential, the places for relax and entertainment can contribute to make the urban public spaces of contemporary cities more attractive, more lively and more people-friendly. We examine the potential of fun and relax spaces and design...

The paper considers the reasons for the low effectiveness of management activities. The fact that the poor quality of management training is not always the most urgent problem is determined. The reason for this situation is in the practiced management concept: it is necessary to develop new principles for management systems development. The management system itself determines the ways to achieve the determined goals, develops a specific program of actions. The paper analyzes modern transformational trends in manag...

Attraction of foreign resources has become more topical for international companies in order to be able to assure good results of their business operations, as there are often situations that the resources and expertise available on the domestic market may appear to be insufficient for the development of the business, and this is a key reason why the studied international information technology company involves foreign personnel. The aim of the study is to investigate the most significant deficiencies in the proce...

In the modern world, cities play an important role. In the case of non-competitiveness of the city, the welfare of the population, the conditions for doing business, reducing employment, etc., deteriorates, so the notion of "city competitiveness" comes close to the notion of "sustainable development". In many cities, spatial development begins to experience an increasing imbalance between the demands of the population and business entities, on the one hand, and the opportunities for meeting them by building new an...

The article presents a comparative analysis of the official industrial discourse in the late Imperial and early Soviet periods on the basis of "new political history" methodological approaches. There are different points of view in the historiography on the problem of genetic continuity of the "old" and "new" Russia. The study of production processes of the industrial discourse, its structures and context makes it possible to reveal the continuity of pre-revolutionary and Soviet industrial projects. The external b...

Philosophizing of a child is a very multi-faceted phenomenon, as well as philosophy and childhood in general. On the one hand, there is the naivety of childrenВ’s asking and interpretation, and on the other hand, there is a metaphysical depth of the issues. Unfortunately, children as naive philosophers do not meet proper understanding and attention to their raised problems from adults. The cultural tradition paradoxically ignores the importance of naive philosophizing in development of a child. But in that case it...

Russia-USA economic relations are subjected today to new realities, which imply a combination of effects, including geopolitical situation in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, mutual economic sanctions that coincided with other negative phenomena in the Russian economy, such as the dramatic drop in oil prices and depreciation of rouble. These events have seriously affected trade and investment statistics with USA. During last years U.S.-Russia economic ties were relatively limited and now they are decreasing. The USA is...

In Russia a new qualification evaluation system has entered into operation and professional standards are being introduced into practice. This new qualification evaluation system assumes an independent state estimation of employees to meet the required qualifications reflected in the professional standard. The professional standard is a normative legal act approved by the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia, and it reflects the requirements for education and the necessary competencies, k...

The nurse's educational activities in cardiovascular prevention play an important role. Quantitative method of questionnaire technique with the help of standardized structured interview was used for the survey. Data were processed by the descriptive statistic methods. The SASD program and the contingency tables of selected indicators of the 2nd classification degree were subsequently used for processing. The degree of dependence of selected features was determined by the chi2, t-test.

This study explores the effect of ethnicity and gender on peers relationships and school adjustment among primary school students in a multicultural sample. Participants were 166 primary school students (aged between 8 and 11 years, 46.4% boys) enrolled in second (42.2%), third (31.9%) and fourth grade (25.9%) with diverse ethnic background, 78.3% Romanian and 21.7% Roma. Students completed a socio-metric questionnaire measuring the preference and the rejection in peers relationships. Data about school adjustment ...

Arad County is located in the western part of Romania, within the DKMT cross-border area. The National Archaeological Record of Romania lists 246 historic sites in this area, most of which are found in villages. Only few of these monuments are valorized as landmarks. Rural monuments are not advertised and have no proper monument protection. Local communities do not have the means, the awareness or the genuine interest to preserve them. Thus, initiatives for rehabilitation, reuse and valorization of some of these m...

For a long time in economic science, it has been assumed that economic evolution is developing along a trajectory: the agrarian economy - the industrial economy - the post-industrial economy. The crisis lines of the 20th and 21st centuries forced us to change our view on this issue. De-industrialization occurred in a number of developed countries of the world. It caused a crisis in the economy. Therefore, there was a need to develop a new concept. This is the concept of a new industrial society. The purpose of the...

Data shows an increasing number of children and youth growing up in a family atmosphere burdened with parental conflicts. Hostility in relationships between parents often spills over into the parent-child relationship. This paper will present the results of quantitative research which was focused on correlations between children's perception of parental conflicts, and the quality of the parents' marriage, and the experience of parental acceptance-rejection during childhood. The survey included 468 students of the ...

Relevance of the research problem is caused by a number of factors, most important of which - the increasing importance of intangible factors of economic growth associated with the development of human potential. The most significant of these problems is the ability to innovate, and the perception of the latest technological advances, which are based on the human, intellectual and social capital. This fact sets the economic imperatives of business socialization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the best pra...

The modern economy is at a critical stage in its development. The deep causes of the 2008 economic crisis have not been fully overcome. Disproportions are observed in the economic system of the world and in individual countries. Their elimination encounters institutional constraints. One of the disproportions is caused by the de-industrialization of the economies of the developed countries of the world. The same phenomenon is observed in Russia. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out a "new industrialization" ...

Inequalities and disparities are essential parts of each society. However, the evolution in the first thirty years after WWII finally seemed optimistic in most spatial and social aspects. The last forty years of social evolution have been connected with vast developing polarization. The social dimension of current society is significantly changing not only in our country but also in whole Europe and other parts of the developed world. We live in the era when the demand for social and other securities is increasing...

Self-efficacy is a motivational variable associated with increased school achievement. It can be related with nonverbal communication consisting in gestures that accompany or replace verbal communication. This study explored gender differences in the relationships between the gestures expressed during Romanian lessons, the level of self-efficacy and school achievement in primary school students. In this study participated 161 students enrolled in first, second, third and fourth grade (aged between 7 and 11 years, ...

Active competition for good employees can currently be observed among employers because the most frequently mentioned topical issues in the labour market in Latvia are associated with ageing of the society, emigration of working-age population. The shortage of qualified labour due to the demographic processes and also the high levels of competition in the labour market in the transportation sector, the high levels of personnel turnover and the low levels of responses to the announced vacancies from potential emplo...

To develop the northern and arctic territories, highly skilled workers are needed. But the problem is that if the quality of life and work does not meet their expectations, they will not be equal in other regions, this can be an important condition for obtaining and consolidating the results of research and development of the Arctic areas and on the ecology of the northern region. It is necessary to create or transform settlements that should be maximally adapted to a particular territory, should not violate the b...

Job involvement is one of most useful instruments that companies can use to increase work productivity, since involved employee work loyalty creates positive environment for company growth. Engaged employees work better, are considering less job change options, feel higher personal growth and wellbeing together with the company. If employee is engaged in company work, he becomes motivated to care about what happens in the company, contributes to company goal accomplishment and tries to work as good as he can. Enga...

Background: With regard to the demographic ageing of the population, healthy ageing and health literacy of the elderly population, including both healthcare and prevention of diseases and health promotion, represent a hot topic. The health promotion in the elderly is focused on getting information and particularly on the practical application of the information to actual situations. The healthy lifestyle in the old age supports the physical and psychological condition of the elderly population. The elderly need to...

On November 21, 1949, as is well known, due to the approval of Resolution 289 by the UN General Assembly, Italy obtained the Trusteeship Administration of Somalia, a result that finally rewarded the efforts of the government of Rome and, in particular, of the President Alcide De Gasperi and his Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Republican Carlo Sforza. The aim of the Trusteeship was to lead – in a maximum of ten years – Somalia to independence, through a gradual and necessary economic and political emancipation...

At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century in the conditions of AzerbaijanВ’s transition from a planned economy to a market-oriented one the chaotic development of residential areas in Baku has intensified due to the insufficient control in urban planning. It was accompanied by destruction of numerous architectural monuments, increase in building density, a severe reduction of public spaces and green zones. To prevent these negative trends in urban development of Baku the State program "The new principles of urba...

Russia is making efforts to reconsider its policy and achieve leadership in innovation and technology sector. A mechanism that is called to fulfill these ideas is the National Technology Initiative (NTI), that seeks to identify the most perspective technologies and implement necessary administrative and legislative changes. This project is concerned with creating new businesses and technological agendas, concurrently transforming and modernizing public opinions and attitudes about the future of the country and soc...

This article is devoted to the problem of revealing and interpreting sources of the history of international esoteric organizations in the 20th century, using the example of the Russian Theosophical Society in China. The authors emphasize that in recent years the interest to the problem of the birth and development of the occult currents which are not related to traditional religions is growing in Russia. Last years the religious situation in Russia has changed, the freedom of religion was established in the count...

The article examines specific attitudes of contemporary Russian youth toward the family and the need of young people in the family-policy measures. The conclusions drawn in this article are based on the study “The Change of Desired Family Image in the Eyes of Different Generations in the Postsoviet Space (the Case of Russia and Belarus)” conducted with participation of the authors. A desired family model and perceptions of the government role in supporting the institution of the family are being built in the c...

The article performed from the position of psycholinguistic school gives the full and detailed analysis of similarities and differences of the dynamics of modern family images exciting in the language consciousness of Russian students. Persistent interest to this problem is caused by anthropocentric focus of modern science and understanding that a person lives in the changing social and economic conditions that steadily find reflection in all spheres of life. A person perceives and fixes the world in his conscious...

A successful balance between work and private life provides benefits to employees and companies. Employees are an essential resource in the companies operating in the business sector, and, according to the long-term estimates in the labour market, the services sector will continue to develop in Latvia in the future as well, and, consequently, there will also be a demand for human resources. The aim of the research study: To study work and private life balance differences between various generations of the personne...

Ecotechnology / ecological engineering as a „partnership with nature” idea based body of knowledge and methodology for ecosystem management represents itself a reasonable innovation for sustainable development education enhancement. An inspiring example of such an ecotechnological approach rooted educational experience has been discussed; namely, relevant analysis has been focused on cognitive achievements gained through development of Professional Master study program „Ecotechnologies” at Liepaja Universi...

According to a number of scholars, the rise of Twitter publishing had to lead a new level of informational openness in social networks and to increase of press freedom. At the same time, some recent studies have shown significant criticism towards political efficacy of Twitter [7]. We analyze Twitter as a part of the hybridized media system [6] suggesting after Adam and Pfetsch [1] that political dimension of hybridization and spill-over effects between different media will be specific to the socio-political conte...

The category of time is interesting for representatives of various research fields. Time is referred to space, world of objects, and motion. Human, by referring to time, makes it anthropologic and brings in an axiological aspect. Time from the position of personality is a subjective category. The present paper is a study of subjective notions of time held by Old Believers, a sub-ethnos or ethno-confessional group of Old Believers living on the territory of Latvia since the 17th century, after the church schism in ...

Region is a territory united by common features that differentiate the concrete area from other neighbouring territories. It is characterized by persistent and stable cultural models, which have formed and continue shaping in the course of history and which determine its pace and direction of development. The cultural space in its essence cannot be viewed only horizontally, it should be viewed also vertically as a depository of intangible values. The mundane or traditional that is concerned with the worldly matter...