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Age, obesity, sex and previous injuries are considered to be significant risk factors for osteoarthritis. Mud is a therapeutic agent used since ancient times to treat osteoarthritis. Although extensively used, the mechanisms by which balneal therapy acts are poorly studied, sometimes we can even say that they are "full of surprises". The complexity of its biochemical composition, the rich microbial flora, the inter-relationships between its components, slow down the detection of the physiological and therapeutic e...

Aging is one of the most amazing biological processes. There are more than 300 theories that try to explain the phenomenon of aging from biological but also social perspective. The most involved in this process are those that secrete hormones from the ovary (estradiol), from the testis (testosterone), from the adrenal (DHEA, cortisol) and from the pituitary gland (GH - growth hormone). This paper focuses on the study of endocrine changes of pituitary-adrenal axis as an indicator of biological aging under the influ...

It is well known that the pathogenic mechanism of algic posttraumatic syndrome is still incompletely understood. Although multiple attempts have been made to reduce chronic regional pain syndrome to a single pathophysiologic mechanism (e.g., sympatho-afferent coupling), it has become increasingly accepted that there are multiple mechanisms involved. Only in the past few years, has it been recognized that chronic regional pain syndrome is not simply a sympathetically mediated peripheral pain condition but rather is...