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Following the Carolingian reform and until the first true Gothic, churches remained predominantly introverted structures with thick walls, looking unto their inner life, the liturgical event. The stone skin delimited the mundane from the divine and created the space to experience the Light of Christ and the sense of the presence of God, unknowable through reason alone, Deus absconditus. The interior space of the church was a hidden jewel that came alive under the light, be it natural or artificial, with its column...

Contemporary architectural education consists in a repetitive trial and error learning model. First year students, with no previous architectural education, are expected to create and design by using their innate talent and previous knowledge, as well as their subjective opinions and instincts. Since such a model can scarcely encourage the development of independent and critical thinking, architectural education needs effective teaching strategies in order to improve learning efficiency and the development of crea...